BREAKING: Federal Courts Correctly Notice Color of Sky, Pope’s Religious Affiliation

For this week’s Rapid Response Friday we take up three major judicial rulings pushing back against executive overreach on three completely different topics: removals under the Alien Enemies Act, the use of the National Guard to conduct domestic law enforcement, and the imposition of tariffs as an executive action under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. Also: it turns out a DC grand jury really can't indict a ham sandwich, and why Brazil is so much better at prosecuting insurrectionists than the US is.

1. Fifth Circuit's decision in W.M.M. et al (9/2/25)

2. Judge Charles Breyer’s decision in Newson v. Trump (9/2/25)

3. Federal Circuit’s decision in V.O.S. Selections v. Trump (8/29/25)